The Frog and the Nightingale by Vikram Seth – Summary, Line-by-Line Explanation, Poetic Devices, and Difficult Words – Welcome to our detailed blog post on The Frog and the Nightingale – a delightful yet deeply meaningful poem written by acclaimed Indian poet Vikram Seth. This satirical poem explores themes of talent, manipulation, self-doubt, and the loss of innocence, all wrapped in a narrative featuring a proud frog and a timid nightingale.

In this post, you’ll find:

• 🔹 Line-by-line explanation of the poem in simple English and Hindi
• 🔹 Poetic devices used by the poet to enhance the meaning and musicality
• 🔹 A list of difficult words with meanings to help students understand the poem better

Whether you’re a CBSE student preparing for your exams or a literature enthusiast wanting to dive deeper into the poem’s layers, this guide will help you explore every line and lesson of this timeless piece. Let’s begin unravelling the message Vikram Seth conveys through this modern fable in verse.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza 1

Once upon a time a frog
Croaked away in Bingle Bog
Every night from dusk to dawn
He croaked awn and awn and awn

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Once upon a time a frog”
  The poem starts with the classic phrase “Once upon a time,” which signals that this is a story or a fable. The main character introduced here is a frog, a common creature found in marshy or wet places. This sets the tone for a traditional storytelling style.

• Line 2: “Croaked away in Bingle Bog”
  The frog lives in a place called Bingle Bog. A “bog” is a wet, marshy area filled with mud and water. The phrase “croaked away” means the frog is continuously making its typical croaking sound, which is loud and repetitive.

• Line 3: “Every night from dusk to dawn”
  This line tells us the frog croaks every night, from dusk (the time when the sun sets and it becomes dark) until dawn (early morning when the sun rises). This shows the frog’s persistence and that his croaking lasts all night.

• Line 4: “He croaked awn and awn and awn”
  The repeated phrase “awn and awn and awn” imitates the frog’s croaking sound. This repetition emphasizes how constant and annoying the frog’s croaking is, making the reader almost hear the sound.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  The repetition of the ‘b’ sound in “Bingle Bog” makes the line catchy and musical.

• Repetition:
  The phrase “awn and awn and awn” is repeated to mimic the frog’s croaking and emphasize its relentlessness.

• Onomatopoeia:
  Words like “croaked” and “awn” imitate the actual sounds made by the frog, helping readers hear the noise.

• Fairy Tale Opening:
  “Once upon a time” is a traditional phrase used to start fairy tales, setting a storytelling mood.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Bog: A wet, muddy area often found in marshes.

• Dusk: The time just after sunset when it starts to get dark.

• Dawn: The time early in the morning when the sun rises.

• Croaked: The rough, deep sound made by frogs.

Summary of the Stanza:

This stanza introduces us to a frog living in a muddy swamp called Bingle Bog. The frog croaks loudly and continuously every night from evening till morning. The repeated croaking sound shows how persistent and noisy the frog is, setting the scene and giving us an idea of his character.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza 2

Other creatures loathed his voice,
But, alas, they had no choice,
And the crass cacophony
Blared out from the sumac tree
At whose foot the frog each night
Minstrelled on till morning light

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Other creatures loathed his voice”
  All the other animals living in the bog hated (“loathed”) the frog’s croaking voice because it was unpleasant and annoying.

• Line 2: “But, alas, they had no choice”
  Despite their dislike, the animals were powerless to stop the frog. They had to endure his croaking every night.

• Line 3: “And the crass cacophony”
  “Crass” means rude or harsh, and “cacophony” means a mixture of unpleasant sounds. Together, this phrase describes the frog’s croaking as a loud, harsh, and unpleasant noise.

• Line 4: “Blared out from the sumac tree”
  The frog croaked loudly from the base of a sumac tree. “Blared” suggests a loud, harsh sound that fills the area.

• Line 5 & 6: “At whose foot the frog each night / Minstrelled on till morning light”
  The frog sang like a minstrel (a medieval singer or performer) at the foot of the tree all night long, from dusk to dawn. However, unlike a true minstrel, his singing was not appreciated.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  “Crass cacophony” uses the repetition of the ‘c’ sound to emphasize the harshness of the noise.

• Onomatopoeia:
  “Blared” imitates a loud, harsh sound.

• Metaphor:
  “Minstrelled on” compares the frog’s croaking to a minstrel’s singing, suggesting he sees himself as a performer.

• Irony:
  Though the frog believes he is a great singer, the other animals hate his voice.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Loathed: Hated intensely.

• Crass: Rude or tasteless.

• Cacophony: A harsh, unpleasant mixture of sounds.

• Sumac tree: A type of tree.

• Minstrelled: Sang like a minstrel (a singer or musician).

Summary of the Stanza:

This stanza shows that all the other animals hate the frog’s loud and unpleasant croaking, but they cannot stop him. The frog croaks loudly from the base of a tree all night long, acting like a performer, even though no one appreciates his singing.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza 3

Neither stones nor prayers nor sticks.
Insults or complaints or bricks
Stilled the frog’s determination
To display his heart’s elation.

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1 & 2: “Neither stones nor prayers nor sticks. / Insults or complaints or bricks”
  The other animals tried everything to stop the frog—from throwing stones, sticks, and bricks to praying and complaining—but nothing worked.

• Line 3: “Stilled the frog’s determination”
  None of these efforts could stop (“stilled”) the frog’s strong will or determination.

• Line 4: “To display his heart’s elation”
  The frog was very happy (“heart’s elation”) and eager to keep singing and showing off his voice, regardless of what others thought.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Repetition:
  The repeated use of “nor” emphasizes the many failed attempts to stop the frog.

• Alliteration:
  “Stones… sticks” uses the repetition of the ‘s’ sound.

• Internal rhyme:
  “Sticks” and “bricks” rhyme, giving the stanza a musical quality.

• Personification:
  “Heart’s elation” gives the frog human-like feelings of joy.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Stilled: Stopped or silenced.

• Determination: Firmness of purpose; not giving up.

• Elation: Great happiness or joy.

Summary of the Stanza:

Despite the animals’ efforts to stop him by throwing things or complaining, the frog remains determined and happy to keep singing all night long. His stubbornness shows he is confident, though others find him annoying.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 6

And a solitary loon
Wept, beneath the summer moon.
Toads and teals and tiddlers, captured
By her voice, cheered on, enraptured:
“Bravo!” “Too divine!” “Encore!”

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “And a solitary loon”
  A “loon” is a type of water bird known for its haunting calls. Here, a single (solitary) loon is mentioned, emphasizing loneliness or uniqueness in the scene.

• Line 2: “Wept, beneath the summer moon.”
  The loon is described as weeping or crying under the light of the summer moon. This suggests that the nightingale’s song is so beautiful and moving that it brings tears to the loon’s eyes, evoking strong emotions.

• Line 3: “Toads and teals and tiddlers, captured”
  Various creatures—“toads” (amphibians), “teals” (small ducks), and “tiddlers” (small fish)—are all “captured” or completely fascinated by the nightingale’s singing voice.

• Line 4: “By her voice, cheered on, enraptured:”
  These creatures are so enchanted (“enraptured”) by her beautiful voice that they cheer her on, showing their excitement and admiration.

• Line 5: ‘”Bravo!” “Too divine!” “Encore!”‘
  The animals express their appreciation with words like “Bravo!” (well done), “Too divine!” (extremely beautiful), and “Encore!” (a request for the singer to perform again). This shows how much they love her singing and want to hear more.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Personification:
  The loon “wept,” giving it human emotions of sadness or joy. Animals cheering and speaking also personifies them.

• Imagery:
  “Beneath the summer moon” creates a vivid picture of a warm, peaceful night.

• Alliteration:
  “Toads and teals and tiddlers” repeats the ‘t’ sound, making the line musical.

• Rhyme:
  “Captured,” “enraptured,” and “divine” create a pleasing sound pattern.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Loon: A water bird known for its distinctive calls.

• Wept: Cried.

• Teals: Small freshwater ducks.

• Tiddlers: Small fish.

• Enraptured: Completely delighted or fascinated.

• Encore: A demand for a repeat performance.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, a lone loon is so moved by the nightingale’s beautiful singing that it weeps under the summer moon. Other creatures like toads, ducks, and small fish are completely captivated by her voice and cheer her on enthusiastically, expressing their admiration and asking for more. This stanza highlights the powerful and enchanting effect of the nightingale’s melody on all the animals in the bog.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 7

So the nightingale once more,
Quite unused to such applause,
Sang till dawn without a pause.
Next night when the Nightingale
Shook her head and twitched her tail,

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “So the nightingale once more,”
  Encouraged by the admiration she received, the nightingale sings again. The word “once more” shows that she continues performing repeatedly.

• Line 2: “Quite unused to such applause,”
  The nightingale is not accustomed to receiving such praise and applause. This suggests that she is either humble or inexperienced with being admired so much.

• Line 3: “Sang till dawn without a pause.”
  She sings continuously all through the night until dawn, showing her enthusiasm and dedication to her singing.

• Line 4: “Next night when the Nightingale”
  The poem shifts to the following night, indicating that the story continues and something new is about to happen.

• Line 5: “Shook her head and twitched her tail,”
  The nightingale shows signs of nervousness or excitement by shaking her head and twitching her tail. This suggests she is preparing herself for another performance or reacting to something.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Repetition:
  “Once more” emphasizes the continuation of the nightingale’s singing.

• Imagery:
  “Shook her head and twitched her tail” creates a vivid picture of the bird’s movements, showing her emotions.

• Alliteration:
  “Quite unused” repeats the ‘u’ sound softly, highlighting her unfamiliarity with applause.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Applause: Clapping or showing approval for a performance.

• Pause: A temporary stop or break.

• Twitch: A small, quick movement.

Summary of the Stanza:

Encouraged by the applause, the nightingale sings again, even though she is not used to such praise. She sings nonstop until dawn. The next night, she shows signs of nervousness or excitement, preparing for another performance. This stanza highlights the nightingale’s growing confidence and eagerness to sing.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 8

Closed an eye and fluffed a wing
And had cleared her throat to sing
She was startled by a croak.
“Sorry – was that you who spoke?”
She enquired when the frog

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Closed an eye and fluffed a wing”
  The nightingale is preparing to sing. Closing one eye might indicate concentration or relaxation, while “fluffed a wing” means she ruffled or shook her feathers to get ready. This shows her careful and graceful preparation before starting her song.

• Line 2: “And had cleared her throat to sing”
  Clearing the throat is a common action before singing or speaking to make the voice clear and strong. This line tells us she is about to begin her melodious performance.

• Line 3: “She was startled by a croak.”
  Suddenly, the nightingale is surprised or interrupted by a loud croaking sound, which breaks her concentration. This croak is from the frog, whose voice is harsh and unpleasant compared to her own.

• Line 4: “‘Sorry – was that you who spoke?'”
  The nightingale politely asks if the croaking sound came from the frog. This shows her courteous nature despite being startled.

• Line 5: “She enquired when the frog”
  She directly asks the frog this question, indicating the beginning of a conversation between the two characters.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Imagery:
  “Closed an eye and fluffed a wing” paints a vivid picture of the nightingale’s graceful preparation.

• Alliteration:
  “Cleared her throat to sing” uses repetition of the ‘t’ sound, adding rhythm.

• Dialogue:
  The nightingale’s question is quoted, making the poem more engaging and conversational.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Fluffed: Ruffled or shook feathers.

• Cleared her throat: Prepared the voice for singing or speaking.

• Startled: Surprised suddenly.

• Croak: The rough, deep sound made by a frog.

• Enquired: Asked politely.

Summary of the Stanza:

As the nightingale prepares to sing by closing her eye and fluffing her wing, she clears her throat to begin. However, she is suddenly startled by a croaking sound and politely asks the frog if he was the one who made it. This stanza shows the nightingale’s gentle and courteous nature despite the interruption.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 9

Hopped towards her from the bog.
“Yes,” the frog replied. “You see,
I’m the frog who owns this tree.
In this bog I’ve long been known
For my splendid baritone.

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Hopped towards her from the bog.”
  The frog moves towards the nightingale by hopping, which is a typical movement for frogs. He comes from the muddy, wet area called the bog where he lives.

• Line 2: “‘Yes,’ the frog replied. ‘You see,”
  The frog answers the nightingale’s question politely, starting to explain himself.

• Line 3: “‘I’m the frog who owns this tree.”
  The frog boldly claims ownership of the tree where the nightingale is perched. This shows his arrogance and territorial attitude.

• Line 4: “In this bog I’ve long been known”
  He boasts that he has been famous in the bog for a long time. This suggests he thinks highly of himself and his reputation.

• Line 5: “For my splendid baritone.”
  The frog proudly describes his voice as a “splendid baritone.” A baritone is a deep, rich male singing voice. He believes his croaking is impressive and musical, even though others find it unpleasant.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Personification:
  The frog “replies” and “claims ownership,” giving him human qualities of speech and pride.

• Alliteration:
  “Splendid baritone” uses the repetition of the ‘b’ sound, making the phrase catchy.

• Irony:
  The frog calls his croak a “splendid baritone,” but the poem earlier shows that his voice is harsh and disliked by others.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Hopped: Moved by jumping on legs, typical of frogs.

• Bog: A wet, muddy area.

• Baritone: A deep male singing voice.

• Splendid: Magnificent or impressive.

Summary of the Stanza:

The frog hops over to the nightingale and proudly tells her that he owns the tree and has been famous in the bog for his “splendid baritone” voice. This stanza shows the frog’s arrogance and self-importance, even though his voice is actually unpleasant to others.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 10

And, of course, I wield my pen
For Bog Trumpet now and then”.
“Did you… did you like my song?”
“Not too bad – but far too long.
The technique was fine of course

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “And, of course, I wield my pen / For Bog Trumpet now and then”.”
  Here, the frog continues to boast about his talents, claiming that he also writes (wields his pen) for the “Bog Trumpet,” which is presumably a local magazine or newspaper in the bog. This is another example of the frog exaggerating his importance and trying to impress the nightingale with his supposed influence and skills. However, given what we know about the frog’s character, this claim is likely just another boast and not necessarily true.

• Line 2: ‘”Did you… did you like my song?”‘
  The nightingale, still unsure of herself and eager for approval, shyly asks the frog if he liked her song. The way she stammers (“Did you… did you”) shows her nervousness and lack of confidence. She values the frog’s opinion, not realizing that he is not a genuine critic but rather self-centred and envious.

• Line 3: ‘”Not too bad – but far too long.”‘
  The frog responds with faint praise, saying her song was “not too bad,” but immediately criticizes it for being “far too long.” This is a subtle way of undermining the nightingale’s confidence while appearing to give helpful advice. The frog’s intention is not to help but to make the nightingale doubt herself so he can control and manipulate her.

• Line 4: “The technique was fine of course”
  He adds that her technique (the way she sings) was good, but the compliment is half-hearted and quickly followed by criticism. This pattern of giving a small compliment and then a larger criticism is a common tactic used by manipulative people to make others feel insecure and dependent on their guidance1.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Irony:
  The frog boasts about his talents and influence, but the reader knows he is not respected or admired by others. His criticism of the nightingale is also ironic, as her singing is genuinely beautiful while his is disliked by all1.

• Dialogue:
  Direct speech is used to show the conversation between the frog and the nightingale, making the poem lively and realistic.

• Alliteration:
  “Wield my pen” repeats the ‘w’ sound, adding rhythm to the line.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Wield: To use or handle (especially something like a pen or weapon) with skill.

• Bog Trumpet: A fictional newspaper or magazine in the bog, used humorously.

• Technique: The way in which a skill, especially singing, is performed.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the frog continues to boast about his supposed talents, claiming he also writes for the “Bog Trumpet.” The nightingale, eager for approval, nervously asks if he liked her song. The frog responds with faint praise but quickly criticizes her performance, saying it was too long. He offers a half-hearted compliment about her technique, further undermining her confidence. This exchange shows how the frog begins to manipulate the nightingale, taking advantage of her insecurity and desire for validation.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 11

But it lacked a certain force”.
“Oh!” the nightingale confessed.
Greatly flattered and impressed
That a critic of such note
Had discussed her art and throat:

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “But it lacked a certain force”.”
  The frog continues his critique by saying that the nightingale’s singing “lacked a certain force,” meaning it was missing power or strength. This is a subtle criticism that suggests her performance could be better, even though she sang beautifully. The frog is trying to make her doubt her own talent.

• Line 2: ‘”Oh!” the nightingale confessed.’
  The nightingale responds with surprise and humility. The word “confessed” shows that she admits or accepts the frog’s criticism, revealing her insecurity and eagerness to please.

• Line 3: “Greatly flattered and impressed”
  She feels very pleased and honored that someone she sees as an important critic has taken the time to evaluate her singing. This boosts her confidence, even though the criticism was not entirely positive.

• Line 4 & 5: “That a critic of such note / Had discussed her art and throat:”
  The nightingale admires the frog because he is a “critic of such note,” meaning someone important or well-known for judging art. She is proud that he has talked about her singing (“art and throat”), which shows her desire for recognition and approval.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Irony:
  The nightingale is flattered by the frog’s criticism, unaware that he is actually jealous and manipulative. The frog’s “critique” is not genuine but self-serving.

• Personification:
  The frog is described as a “critic of such note,” giving him the human role of an art reviewer.

• Alliteration:
  “Flattered and impressed” uses the repetition of the ‘f’ and ‘i’ sounds to emphasize her feelings.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Force: Power or strength.

• Confessed: Admitted or acknowledged.

• Flattered: Pleased because someone has praised you.

• Critic: A person who judges the quality of art or performance.

• Note: Importance or fame.

Summary of the Stanza:

The frog tells the nightingale that her singing “lacked a certain force,” subtly criticizing her. The nightingale, feeling honoured and flattered, admits this criticism and is impressed that such an important critic has discussed her singing. This shows her insecurity and eagerness for approval, which the frog uses to manipulate her further.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 12

“I don’t think the song’s divine.
But – oh, well – at least it’s mine”.
“That’s not much to boast about”.
Said the heartless frog. “Without
Proper training such as I

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “I don’t think the song’s divine.”
  The nightingale modestly admits that she doesn’t believe her song is perfect or “divine” (meaning heavenly or extremely beautiful). This shows her humility and lack of confidence.

• Line 2: “But – oh, well – at least it’s mine”.”
  Despite her modesty, she takes pride in the fact that the song is her own creation. This line shows her attachment to her singing and her sense of ownership over her talent.

• Line 3: “‘That’s not much to boast about’.”
  The frog dismisses her pride, telling her that having a song isn’t something impressive on its own. He is trying to undermine her confidence by belittling her achievement.

• Line 4 & 5: “Said the heartless frog. ‘Without / Proper training such as I”
  The frog calls himself “heartless,” meaning cruel or unkind, and claims that without “proper training” like his, the nightingale’s singing won’t be good enough. He implies that he has the expertise and experience she lacks, positioning himself as her superior and potential teacher.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Irony:
  The frog calls himself “heartless” but is actually cruel and manipulative. The nightingale’s modesty contrasts with the frog’s arrogance.

• Dialogue:
  The conversation between the frog and nightingale makes the poem engaging and reveals their characters.

• Alliteration:
  “Proper training” repeats the ‘p’ sound, emphasizing the frog’s claim of expertise.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Divine: Extremely beautiful or perfect.

• Boast: To talk with pride about something.

• Heartless: Cruel or unkind.

• Proper: Correct or suitable.

• Training: Instruction or practice to improve skills.

Summary of the Stanza:

The nightingale modestly says she doesn’t think her song is perfect but is proud that it is hers. The frog dismisses her pride and cruelly tells her that without proper training like his, her singing won’t be good enough. This shows the frog’s arrogance and his attempt to position himself as the nightingale’s superior and teacher.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 13

And few others – can supply.
You’ll remain a mere beginner.
But with me you’ll be a winner”.
“Dearest frog”, the nightingale
Breathed: “This is a fairy tale –

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “- And few others – can supply.”
  The frog continues his boast, saying that only a few others (like himself) can provide the “proper training” needed to become a good singer. He implies that such expertise is rare and valuable.

• Line 2: “You’ll remain a mere beginner.”
  He warns the nightingale that without his training, she will stay a “mere beginner,” meaning she will never improve or become a great singer on her own.

• Line 3: “But with me you’ll be a winner”.”
  The frog promises that if the nightingale accepts his help, she will become successful (“a winner”). This is an attempt to persuade her to trust and depend on him.

• Line 4: “‘Dearest frog’, the nightingale”
  The nightingale addresses the frog affectionately as “Dearest frog,” showing her trust and fondness for him, even though he has been critical.

• Line 5: “Breathed: ‘This is a fairy tale -‘”
  She responds softly (“breathed”), suggesting that she finds the frog’s promises almost magical or too good to be true, like a fairy tale. This shows her hope and belief in the possibility of improvement.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Dialogue:
  The conversation continues, revealing the dynamic between the frog and nightingale.

• Metaphor:
  Calling the frog’s promises a “fairy tale” suggests something magical or unreal.

• Alliteration:
  “Few others – can supply” repeats the ‘f’ and ‘s’ sounds, adding rhythm.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Supply: To provide or give something.

• Mere: Only or just.

• Beginner: Someone who is new and inexperienced.

• Winner: Someone who succeeds or is victorious.

• Breathed: Spoke softly or gently.

• Fairy tale: A magical or imaginary story, often with a happy ending.

Summary of the Stanza:

The frog insists that only a few, including himself, can provide the proper training needed for the nightingale to improve. He warns she will remain a beginner without his help but promises she will be a winner if she trusts him. The nightingale, hopeful and trusting, softly responds that his promises sound like a fairy tale—magical and wonderful. This stanza shows how the frog begins to influence and persuade the nightingale.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 14

And you’re Mozart in disguise
Come to earth before my eyes”.
“Well I charge a modest fee.
Oh!… But it won’t hurt, you’ll see”
Now the nightingale inspired,

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “And you’re Mozart in disguise”
  The nightingale flatters the frog by calling him “Mozart in disguise.” Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was one of the greatest composers in history, so by comparing the frog to Mozart, the nightingale is expressing her admiration and awe. She genuinely believes the frog is a musical genius hiding in the form of a frog.

• Line 2: “Come to earth before my eyes”.”
  She continues the flattery, saying it’s as if this musical genius has come to earth and appeared right before her. This shows her innocence and how easily she is taken in by the frog’s boasting.

• Line 3: ‘”Well I charge a modest fee.’
  The frog, seeing the nightingale’s admiration, immediately takes advantage of her naivety. He tells her that he charges a “modest fee” for his training, meaning he expects to be paid for his guidance. This reveals his cunning and greedy nature.

• Line 4: ‘Oh!… But it won’t hurt, you’ll see”‘
  The frog tries to reassure the nightingale, saying that the fee is not a big deal and that she will benefit from his training. He downplays any concerns she might have, making it seem like a small price for great improvement.

• Line 5: “Now the nightingale inspired,”
  The nightingale feels motivated and uplifted (“inspired”) by the frog’s words and the possibility of becoming an even better singer under his guidance. She is filled with hope and excitement for the future, not realizing she is being manipulated.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Allusion:
  Referring to “Mozart” alludes to the famous composer, emphasizing the nightingale’s high regard for the frog’s supposed talent.

• Metaphor:
  “Mozart in disguise” is a metaphor, comparing the frog to a hidden genius.

• Irony:
  The nightingale believes the frog is a musical genius, but the reader knows he is actually talentless and manipulative.

• Dialogue:
  Direct speech makes the conversation vivid and reveals character traits.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Mozart: A world-famous classical music composer, symbolizing musical genius.

• In disguise: Pretending to be something else or hiding one’s true identity.

• Modest: Not large or excessive; here, meaning a small fee.

• Inspired: Filled with motivation or excitement.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the nightingale flatters the frog by calling him a “Mozart in disguise,” showing her admiration and innocence. The frog quickly takes advantage of her trust, saying he charges a small fee for his training but assures her it will be worth it. The nightingale, feeling inspired and hopeful, is eager to learn from him, not realizing she is falling into his trap. This stanza highlights the frog’s cunning and the nightingale’s naivety, setting the stage for the frog’s exploitation of the nightingale’s talent.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 15

Flushed with confidence, and fired
With both art and adoration,
Sang – and was a huge sensation.
Animals for miles around
Flocked towards the magic sound,

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Flushed with confidence, and fired”
  The nightingale, now filled with self-assurance (“flushed with confidence”) and energized (“fired”) by her passion for singing and the admiration she received, feels more inspired than ever. The word “flushed” suggests her cheeks are glowing with excitement and pride.

• Line 2: “With both art and adoration,”
  She is motivated by her love for her art (singing) and the adoration (deep admiration and praise) of her audience. This combination makes her performance even more powerful and heartfelt.

• Line 3: “Sang – and was a huge sensation.”
  When she sings, her performance is extraordinary and becomes a “huge sensation,” meaning it is extremely popular and admired by everyone who hears it. The nightingale’s talent and the emotion in her song captivate her listeners.

• Line 4: “Animals for miles around”
  Her magical singing attracts animals from far and wide. Creatures living miles away are drawn to the bog by the beauty of her voice.

• Line 5: “Flocked towards the magic sound,”
  The animals “flocked” (gathered in large numbers) towards the source of the enchanting music, eager to listen to her. The phrase “magic sound” emphasizes the nightingale’s voice as something truly special and almost otherworldly.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  “Flushed with confidence, and fired” uses the repetition of the ‘f’ sound, adding rhythm and emphasis.

• Imagery:
  Words like “flushed,” “fired,” and “magic sound” create vivid pictures of the nightingale’s excitement and the enchanting effect of her song.

• Metaphor:
  “Magic sound” compares her singing to something magical, highlighting its extraordinary quality.

• Hyperbole:
  “Animals for miles around” exaggerates to show just how far her fame and influence spread.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Flushed: Filled with a rosy glow, often from excitement or pride.

• Fired: Energized or inspired.

• Adoration: Deep love and respect.

• Sensation: Something or someone that causes great excitement and interest.

• Flocked: Gathered together in large numbers.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the nightingale, now full of confidence and inspired by the love for her art and the admiration of her audience, sings beautifully and becomes extremely popular. Her enchanting voice draws animals from far and wide, all eager to listen to her magical music. This highlights the power of true talent and the joy it brings to others when performed with passion and confidence.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 16

And the frog with great precision
Counted heads and charged admission.
Though next morning it was raining,
He began her vocal training.
“But I can’t sing in this weather”.

Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “And the frog with great precision”
  The frog carefully and accurately (“with great precision”) keeps track of the number of animals who come to listen to the nightingale’s singing. This shows his calculating and business-minded nature.

• Line 2: “Counted heads and charged admission.”
  He counts the audience (“heads”) and makes them pay money (“charged admission”) to hear the nightingale sing. This reveals that the frog is exploiting her talent for his own financial gain.

• Line 3: “Though next morning it was raining,”
  Despite bad weather the next day, when it was raining, the frog still insists on continuing with the plan. This shows his determination to profit regardless of circumstances.

• Line 4: “He began her vocal training.”
  The frog starts teaching the nightingale how to sing, claiming to improve her voice. This marks the beginning of his control over her singing career.

• Line 5: ‘”But I can’t sing in this weather”.’
  The nightingale protests, saying she cannot sing well when the weather is bad. This shows her discomfort and reluctance, but the frog ignores her feelings.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  “Counted heads and charged” repeats the ‘c’ sound, adding rhythm.

• Irony:
  The frog, who was previously criticized for his harsh croaking, now acts as a business manager and teacher, exploiting the nightingale’s talent.

• Dialogue:
  The nightingale’s protest is quoted directly, making the poem more engaging and showing her vulnerability.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Precision: Accuracy or exactness.

• Admission: The price paid to enter or attend an event.

• Vocal: Relating to the voice or singing.

• Training: Practice or instruction to improve skills.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the frog carefully counts the animals who come to listen to the nightingale and charges them money to attend. Despite bad weather, he begins training her to improve her singing. The nightingale protests that she cannot sing well in such weather, showing her discomfort, but the frog pushes ahead, revealing his controlling and exploitative nature.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 17

“Come my dear – we’ll sing together.
Just put on your scarf and sash,
Koo-oh-ah! ko-ash! ko-ash!”
So the frog and nightingale
Journeyed up and down the scale

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Come my dear – we’ll sing together.”
  The frog encourages the nightingale affectionately (“my dear”) to join him in singing. This shows how he tries to appear friendly and supportive, drawing her into his control.

• Line 2: “Just put on your scarf and sash,”
  The frog instructs the nightingale to dress up with a scarf and sash, likely to make her look more presentable or formal for their singing sessions or performances. This suggests he is concerned with appearances and presentation.

• Line 3: “Koo-oh-ah! ko-ash! ko-ash!”
  These are sounds imitating vocal exercises or singing warm-ups. The frog is making the nightingale practice different notes or sounds, possibly harsh or unnatural ones, as part of her training.

• Line 4 & 5: “So the frog and nightingale / Journeyed up and down the scale”
  The two sing together, practicing musical scales—moving through different notes from low to high (“up and down the scale”). This shows the frog’s attempt to teach the nightingale vocal techniques, though his methods may be rigid or forced.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Dialogue:
  The frog’s words are quoted, making the poem lively and showing his controlling role.

• Onomatopoeia:
  “Koo-oh-ah! ko-ash! ko-ash!” imitates sounds of vocal exercises, helping readers “hear” the training.

• Imagery:
  “Scarf and sash” create a visual image of the nightingale dressing up for her singing lessons.

• Metaphor:
  “Journeyed up and down the scale” is a metaphor for practicing musical notes.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Scarf: A piece of cloth worn around the neck or shoulders.

• Sash: A band of cloth worn around the waist or over the shoulder.

• Scale: A sequence of musical notes ordered by pitch.

• Journeyed: Travelled or moved through.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the frog warmly invites the nightingale to sing with him and asks her to dress up with a scarf and sash, preparing for their singing sessions. They practice vocal exercises together, making various sounds and moving through musical scales. This shows the frog’s role as a teacher, guiding the nightingale through rigorous training, though his methods may not be natural or comfortable for her.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 18

For six hours, till she was shivering
and her voice was hoarse and quivering.
Though subdued and sleep deprived,
In the night her throat revived,
And the sumac tree was bowed,

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “For six hours, till she was shivering”
  The nightingale practices singing for six long hours, to the point where she is physically exhausted and shivering, indicating cold or weakness from overexertion.

• Line 2: “and her voice was hoarse and quivering.”
  Her voice becomes “hoarse” (rough and strained) and “quivering” (trembling), showing that the intense practice is damaging her vocal cords and affecting her ability to sing properly.

• Line 3: “Though subdued and sleep deprived,”
  Despite feeling weak (“subdued”) and lacking sleep (“sleep deprived”), the nightingale continues to push herself. This highlights her dedication but also her suffering.

• Line 4: “In the night her throat revived,”
  During the night, her throat recovers temporarily, allowing her to sing again. This cycle of strain and recovery shows the toll the frog’s harsh training is taking on her health.

• Line 5: “And the sumac tree was bowed,”
  The weight of her singing and perhaps the strain on the tree itself is described as making the sumac tree “bow,” or bend. This is a metaphor suggesting the intensity and volume of her singing, but it also hints at the pressure she is under.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Imagery:
  “Shivering,” “hoarse,” and “quivering” create vivid pictures of the nightingale’s physical exhaustion.

• Alliteration:
  “Hoarse and quivering” uses the repetition of the ‘h’ and ‘q’ sounds to emphasize the fragile state of her voice.

• Metaphor:
  “The sumac tree was bowed” symbolizes the burden and pressure caused by the nightingale’s strenuous singing.

• Contrast:
  Between her exhaustion and the temporary revival of her throat at night.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Shivering: Trembling from cold or weakness.

• Hoarse: Rough or strained voice.

• Quivering: Trembling or shaking.

• Subdued: Weak or quiet.

• Sleep deprived: Not having enough sleep.

• Revived: Restored to life or strength.

• Bowed: Bent or curved downward.

Summary of the Stanza:

This stanza describes the harsh effects of the frog’s rigorous training on the nightingale. She practices for six hours until she is physically exhausted and her voice becomes rough and shaky. Despite being weak and lacking sleep, her throat recovers at night, allowing her to sing again. The strain is so intense that the sumac tree seems to bow under the weight of her singing. This stanza highlights the physical toll the nightingale endures due to the frog’s demanding lessons.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 19

With a breathless, titled crowd:
Owl of Sandwich, Duck of Kent,
Mallard and Milady Trent,
Martin Cardinal Mephisto,
And the Coot of Monte Cristo,

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “With a breathless, titled crowd:”
  A large and distinguished audience, described as “breathless” (filled with excitement and anticipation) and “titled” (having noble or aristocratic ranks), gathers to hear the nightingale sing. This sets a scene of grandeur and high social status among the listeners.

• Line 2: “Owl of Sandwich, Duck of Kent,”
  These are humorous and imaginative names for the animals in the crowd, modeled after real British aristocratic titles (like Earl of Sandwich and Duke of Kent). The poet uses these playful titles to give the animal audience a sense of nobility and importance.

• Line 3: “Mallard and Milady Trent,”
  “Mallard” (a type of duck) and “Milady Trent” (a lady of the Trent family or region) continue the theme of mixing animal species with aristocratic titles, further emphasizing the fanciful and satirical tone.

• Line 4: “Martin Cardinal Mephisto,”
  This name combines “Martin” (possibly referring to a bird, like the martin), “Cardinal” (a bird and also a high-ranking church official), and “Mephisto” (a reference to Mephistopheles, a character from German folklore). This blend adds a touch of humor and grandiosity.

• Line 5: “And the Coot of Monte Cristo,”
  A “coot” is a type of water bird, and “Monte Cristo” is a playful reference to the famous novel “The Count of Monte Cristo.” This name continues the pattern of blending animal names with titles from literature and nobility.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Allusion:
  References to real and fictional aristocratic titles (Earl of Sandwich, Duke of Kent, Count of Monte Cristo) add depth and humour.

• Imagery:
  The description of a “breathless, titled crowd” creates a vivid picture of an excited, high-status audience.

• Satire:
  By giving animals grand titles, the poet pokes fun at social hierarchies and the tendency to idolize performers.

• Wordplay:
  Combining animal names with noble titles and literary references creates a playful, whimsical effect.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Breathless: Full of excitement or anticipation.

• Titled: Having a noble or aristocratic rank.

• Owl, Duck, Mallard, Coot, Martin, Cardinal: Types of birds.

• Milady: A respectful way to address a noblewoman.

• Mephisto: Reference to Mephistopheles, a character from folklore.

• Monte Cristo: Reference to “The Count of Monte Cristo,” a famous novel.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the nightingale’s performance attracts a grand and excited audience made up of animals humorously given aristocratic and literary titles. This not only highlights the widespread admiration for her singing but also adds a satirical, playful tone to the poem, poking fun at social pretensions and the idolization of talent.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 20

Ladies with tiaras glittering
In the interval sat twittering –
And the frog observed them glitter
With a joy both sweet and bitter.
Every day the frog who’d sold her

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Ladies with tiaras glittering”
  The audience includes distinguished female animals (“ladies”) wearing sparkling “tiaras” (jewel-studded crowns), emphasizing the grand and royal atmosphere at the nightingale’s performance. This adds to the sense of spectacle and high status among her admirers.

• Line 2: “In the interval sat twittering -“
  During the break (“interval”) between performances, these ladies are “twittering”—a word that means both the soft, chirping sounds birds make and chatting excitedly. This shows their excitement and admiration for the nightingale’s singing.

• Line 3: “And the frog observed them glitter”
  The frog watches these glamorous and important audience members, noticing how they shine and attract attention with their sparkling tiaras.

• Line 4: “With a joy both sweet and bitter.”
  The frog feels a mix of happiness (“sweet”) and jealousy or resentment (“bitter”). He is pleased by the attention and success (because he profits from it), but also envious and resentful that the nightingale, not he, is the center of admiration.

• Line 5: “Every day the frog who’d sold her”
  Day after day, the frog, who has essentially “sold” the nightingale’s talent for his own gain by charging admission and exploiting her, continues to benefit from her popularity.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Imagery:
  “Tiaras glittering” and “sat twittering” create vivid pictures of the elegant, lively audience.

• Alliteration:
  “Tiaras glittering” and “frog… felt” use repeated sounds for musical effect.

• Irony:
  The frog profits from the nightingale’s talent but feels both pride and jealousy, highlighting his complex emotions.

• Metaphor:
  “Sold her” is a metaphor for exploiting her abilities for his own benefit.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Tiaras: Ornamental crowns, often jewelled, worn by women of rank.

• Glittering: Shining with a bright, shimmering, reflected light.

• Interval: A break or pause between parts of a performance.

• Twittering: Chirping softly or talking rapidly and excitedly.

• Bitter: Feeling of resentment or jealousy.

Summary of the Stanza:

This stanza describes how elegant and important female animals, adorned with sparkling tiaras, gather and chatter excitedly during the nightingale’s performances. The frog watches their admiration with mixed feelings—happy for the attention and profit, but also jealous that the nightingale, not he, is the star. Every day, the frog continues to exploit the nightingale’s talent, highlighting both his cunning and his inner conflict.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 21

Songs for silver tried to scold her:
“You must practice even longer
Till your voice, like mine grows stronger.
In the second song last night
You got nervous in mid-flight.

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Songs for silver tried to scold her:”
  This line means the nightingale, motivated by the desire to earn money (“songs for silver”), is being reprimanded or criticized. The phrase also hints at how her singing has become commercialized under the frog’s influence, rather than being a pure expression of her art.

• Line 2: ‘”You must practice even longer’
  The frog tells the nightingale that she must continue practicing for even more time, pushing her to work harder and longer. This shows his relentless and demanding attitude as her so-called trainer.

• Line 3: ‘Till your voice, like mine grows stronger.’
  He insists that her voice needs to become as strong as his own, even though the frog’s voice is actually disliked by everyone. This is both ironic and manipulative, as he sets himself up as the standard she should aspire to, despite her natural talent being far superior.

• Line 4: ‘In the second song last night’
  The frog refers to her performance the previous night, specifically her second song, showing he is closely monitoring and criticizing her every move.

• Line 5: ‘You got nervous in mid-flight.’
  He criticizes her for becoming anxious or losing confidence during the middle of her performance (“mid-flight”), further undermining her self-esteem and making her doubt her abilities.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Irony:
  The frog, whose own singing is unpleasant, tells the talented nightingale to make her voice like his, highlighting the absurdity and manipulation in his advice12.

• Metaphor:
  “Songs for silver” is a metaphor for singing for money, showing how the nightingale’s art has been reduced to a commercial activity.

• Alliteration:
  “Songs for silver” and “mid-flight” use repetition of initial sounds for emphasis.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Scold: To criticize or reprimand angrily.

• Silver: Here, a metaphor for money.

• Mid-flight: In the middle of performing or singing.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the frog scolds the nightingale, pushing her to practice even more so her voice becomes as “strong” as his, despite his own lack of talent. He criticizes her for getting nervous during her performance, further eroding her confidence. The stanza highlights how the frog’s manipulation and commercial pressure are destroying the nightingale’s natural talent and joy in singing.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 22

And, my dear, lay on more trills:
Audiences enjoy such frills.
You must make your public happier:
Give them something sharper, snappier.
We must aim for better billings.

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “And, my dear, lay on more trills:”
  The frog advises the nightingale to add more “trills” to her singing. Trills are rapid alternations between two notes, often used as decorative musical flourishes. This shows the frog pushing her to make her singing more showy and elaborate.

• Line 2: “Audiences enjoy such frills.”
  He tells her that the audience likes these extra embellishments (“frills”), implying that technical showiness is more important than the natural beauty of her song. This reflects the frog’s focus on entertainment value over genuine artistry.

• Line 3: “You must make your public happier:”
  The frog insists that the nightingale’s goal should be to please the audience, emphasizing commercial success and popularity rather than personal expression or artistic integrity.

• Line 4: “Give them something sharper, snappier.”
  He encourages her to make her singing more lively, energetic, and attention-grabbing (“sharper, snappier”), again focusing on style and spectacle.

• Line 5: “We must aim for better billings.”
  “Billings” refers to the way performers are advertised or promoted. The frog stresses the importance of marketing and attracting bigger audiences, showing his business-minded approach to her singing career.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  “Sharper, snappier” repeats the ‘s’ sound, making the advice sound catchy and rhythmic.

• Rhyme:
  The stanza follows a rhyme scheme (trills/frills, happier/snappier, billings), which adds musicality to the frog’s speech.

• Irony:
  The frog’s advice focuses on superficial showiness and commercial success, contrasting with the nightingale’s natural, heartfelt singing.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Trills: Rapid alternations between two musical notes, used as a decorative effect in singing or playing instruments.

• Frills: Decorative or extra features that are not essential.

• Sharper: More distinct or clear.

• Snappier: More lively or brisk.

• Billings: The way performers are advertised or promoted to the public.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the frog advises the nightingale to add more decorative flourishes like trills to her singing, as he believes audiences enjoy such showy effects. He emphasizes the importance of pleasing the audience and making her performance more lively and attention-grabbing. The frog also stresses the need for better promotion to attract larger crowds, highlighting his focus on commercial success over genuine artistic expression.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 23

You still owe me sixty shillings.”
Day by day the nightingale
Grew more sorrowful and pale.
Night on night her tired song
Zipped and trilled and bounced along,

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “You still owe me sixty shillings.”
  The frog reminds the nightingale that she owes him money—sixty shillings—for his training. This shows the frog’s controlling and exploitative nature, as he treats her talent like a business transaction.

• Line 2: “Day by day the nightingale”
  As time passes, the nightingale’s condition changes gradually.

• Line 3: “Grew more sorrowful and pale.”
  The nightingale becomes increasingly sad (“sorrowful”) and physically weak or ill-looking (“pale”) due to the stress and exhaustion from the frog’s harsh training and demands.

• Line 4: “Night on night her tired song”
  Every night, the nightingale sings, but her voice is tired and worn out from over-practice and strain.

• Line 5: “Zipped and trilled and bounced along,”
  Despite her exhaustion, her singing continues with fast, showy musical effects like “zipped” (quick notes), “trilled” (rapid alternations between notes), and “bounced” (lively rhythm). This suggests she is performing as the frog demands, focusing on technique rather than heartfelt expression.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  “Zipped and trilled” repeats the ‘t’ and ‘z’ sounds, adding musicality and rhythm.

• Imagery:
  “Grew more sorrowful and pale” paints a vivid picture of the nightingale’s declining health and spirit.

• Irony:
  Though the nightingale’s singing is technically elaborate, it is tired and forced, contrasting with the natural beauty she once had.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Shillings: Old British currency (money).

• Sorrowful: Very sad.

• Pale: Having a lighter or unhealthy complexion.

• Zipped: Moved quickly or produced quick notes.

• Trilled: Rapid alternation between two musical notes.

• Bounced: Moved or sounded in a lively, rhythmic way.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the frog reminds the nightingale that she still owes him money for her training, highlighting his exploitative nature. Meanwhile, the nightingale grows increasingly sad and physically weak from the pressure and exhaustion of constant practice. Despite her tiredness, she continues to sing with fast, showy musical effects as the frog demands, showing how her natural, heartfelt singing has been replaced by forced technique.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 24

Till the birds and beasts grew tired
At a voice so uninspired
And the ticket office gross
Crashed, and she grew more morose –
For her ears were now addicted

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Till the birds and beasts grew tired”
  Over time, the animals who once flocked to hear the nightingale’s beautiful singing began to lose interest. This change is due to the decline in the quality and originality of her performances.

• Line 2: “At a voice so uninspired”
  The nightingale’s singing, once full of natural beauty and emotion, has become dull and mechanical (“uninspired”). The constant pressure, harsh training, and need to please the crowd have drained her of her creativity and passion.

• Line 3: “And the ticket office gross”
  The “ticket office gross” refers to the total money collected from selling tickets to her performances. As fewer animals come to listen, the revenue drops sharply.

• Line 4: “Crashed, and she grew more morose -“
  With the audience gone and earnings fallen, the nightingale becomes even more sad and depressed (“morose”). Her emotional and physical state continues to deteriorate.

• Line 5: “For her ears were now addicted”
  The nightingale has become dependent (“addicted”) on the applause and approval of the audience. She craves their praise, even though it no longer comes, making her misery even deeper.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  “Birds and beasts” repeats the ‘b’ sound, creating rhythm.

• Irony:
  The nightingale, once celebrated, is now ignored because her singing lost its natural charm due to over-coaching and commercialization.

• Imagery:
  “Morose” and “uninspired” vividly convey the nightingale’s emotional decline.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Uninspired: Lacking creativity, energy, or originality.

• Gross: Total amount of money received.

• Crashed: Fell suddenly and completely.

• Morose: Very sad, gloomy, or depressed.

• Addicted: Unable to stop doing something; dependent.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the nightingale’s singing loses its original magic and becomes uninspired due to constant pressure and exploitation. As a result, the animals stop coming to her performances, ticket sales plummet, and she becomes deeply sad and dependent on the lost applause. This marks the tragic downfall of the nightingale, showing the destructive impact of losing one’s authenticity and being manipulated by others.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 25

To applause quite unrestricted,
And to sing into the night
All alone gave no delight.
Now the frog puffed up with rage.
“Brainless bird – you’re on the stage –

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “To applause quite unrestricted,”
  The nightingale had become used to performing for enthusiastic, unlimited applause from the audience. The phrase “applause quite unrestricted” suggests that earlier, she received constant and genuine praise, which became addictive for her.

• Line 2: “And to sing into the night”
  She continued singing late into the night, as she had before, but now the circumstances had changed.

• Line 3: “All alone gave no delight.”
  Now, singing by herself, without the audience’s applause and appreciation, brought her no joy or satisfaction. She had grown dependent on external validation, and without it, her passion for singing faded.

• Line 4: “Now the frog puffed up with rage.”
  The frog becomes angry and frustrated. “Puffed up with rage” means he is visibly angry, likely because the nightingale’s performances are no longer attracting crowds or profit, and she is not meeting his expectations.

• Line 5: ‘”Brainless bird – you’re on the stage -‘
  The frog insults the nightingale, calling her “brainless,” and reminds her harshly that she is a performer (“you’re on the stage”). This shows his cruelty and lack of empathy, as he blames her for the decline in their success rather than acknowledging his own role in her downfall.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  “Puffed up with rage” uses the ‘p’ sound for emphasis and rhythm.

• Irony:
  The nightingale, once admired and joyful, now finds no happiness in singing, and the frog, who claimed to be her mentor, is only concerned with his own interests.

• Metaphor:
  “On the stage” is a metaphor for being in the spotlight or under public scrutiny.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Unrestricted: Not limited or controlled; here, refers to applause that is genuine and abundant.

• Delight: Great pleasure or joy.

• Puffed up: Swollen or expanded, often with pride or anger.

• Rage: Intense anger.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the nightingale, once thrilled by the audience’s applause, now finds no joy in singing alone. She has become dependent on external praise, and without it, her passion fades. The frog, angry at the loss of success and profit, cruelly insults her, blaming her for their failure. This highlights the destructive impact of exploitation and the loss of self-confidence, as well as the frog’s manipulative and heartless nature.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 26

Use your wits and follow fashion.
Puff your lungs out with your passion.”
Trembling, terrified to fail,
Blind with tears, the nightingale
Heard him out in silence, tried,

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Use your wits and follow fashion.”
  The frog advises the nightingale to be clever (“use your wits”) and conform to popular trends (“follow fashion”) rather than singing naturally. This shows his manipulative nature, pushing her to prioritize style and popularity over genuine artistry.

• Line 2: “Puff your lungs out with your passion.”
  He tells her to sing with great force and intensity (“puff your lungs out”), emphasizing external showmanship rather than heartfelt expression. This advice is harsh and demanding, focusing on physical exertion.

• Line 3: “Trembling, terrified to fail,”
  The nightingale feels scared and anxious about making mistakes or disappointing the frog. She is physically and emotionally shaken (“trembling”) because of the pressure placed on her.

• Line 4: “Blind with tears, the nightingale”
  She is so overwhelmed with emotion that she is “blind with tears,” indicating sadness, frustration, and helplessness.

• Line 5: “Heard him out in silence, tried,”
  Despite her fear and sadness, the nightingale listens quietly to the frog’s harsh instructions and makes an effort to comply, showing her vulnerability and desire to please.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  “Puff your lungs out with your passion” repeats the ‘p’ sound, adding emphasis and rhythm.

• Imagery:
  “Trembling,” “terrified,” and “blind with tears” create vivid pictures of the nightingale’s emotional state.

• Irony:
  The frog’s advice to “follow fashion” contrasts with the nightingale’s natural, beautiful singing, highlighting the destructive influence of conformity.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Wits: Intelligence or cleverness.

• Fashion: Popular style or trend.

• Puff: To blow out air forcefully.

• Trembling: Shaking, usually from fear or nervousness.

• Blind with tears: So full of tears that one cannot see clearly.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the frog urges the nightingale to be clever and follow popular trends, encouraging her to sing with intense physical effort rather than natural passion. The nightingale, trembling with fear and overwhelmed by emotion, listens silently and tries to obey his harsh demands. This highlights the pressure and emotional toll the frog’s manipulation takes on her, as well as the loss of her authentic voice.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 27

Puffed up, burst a vein, and died.
Said the frog: “I tried to teach her,
But she was a stupid creature –
Far too nervous, far too tense.
Far too prone to influence.

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Puffed up, burst a vein, and died.”
  This line describes the tragic end of the nightingale. She exerted herself so much under the frog’s harsh training that she “puffed up” (strained herself), “burst a vein” (a violent physical collapse), and died. This symbolizes the destructive consequences of the frog’s manipulation and exploitation.

• Line 2: “Said the frog: ‘I tried to teach her,”
  After her death, the frog claims he made an effort to teach and help her improve. This statement is self-serving and hypocritical, as the frog’s harsh treatment actually caused her downfall.

• Line 3: “But she was a stupid creature -“
  The frog insults the nightingale, calling her “stupid,” blaming her for the failure rather than taking responsibility for his cruelty and exploitation.

• Line 4: “Far too nervous, far too tense.”
  He criticizes her for being anxious and stressed, implying that her emotional fragility was the cause of her demise.

• Line 5: “Far too prone to influence.”
  The frog accuses her of being easily swayed or manipulated, ironically ignoring that he was the one influencing her negatively all along.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Irony:
  The frog blames the nightingale for her death, despite being the cause through his harsh training and exploitation.

• Alliteration:
  “Far too” repeated for emphasis on her supposed weaknesses.

• Hyperbole:
  “Burst a vein” exaggerates the physical toll of the frog’s demands, emphasizing the severity of her collapse.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Puffed up: Strained or swollen, often from exertion.

• Burst a vein: A violent rupture of a blood vessel, symbolizing collapse or death.

• Creature: A living being; here, used insultingly.

• Nervous: Anxious or worried.

• Tense: Stressed or tight.

• Prone: Likely or susceptible to something.

Summary of the Stanza:

This stanza describes the tragic death of the nightingale, caused by the extreme strain of the frog’s harsh training. After her death, the frog hypocritically claims he tried to teach her but blames her for being “stupid,” nervous, tense, and easily influenced. This highlights the frog’s cruelty, lack of accountability, and the destructive consequences of his manipulation on the nightingale.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 28

Well, poor bird – she should have known
That your song must be your own.
That’s why I sing with panache:
“Koo-oh-ah! ko-ash! ko-ash!”
And the foghorn of the frog

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• Line 1: “Well, poor bird – she should have known”
  The speaker expresses sympathy for the nightingale (“poor bird”) but also suggests that she should have understood an important lesson about singing and self-expression.

• Line 2: “That your song must be your own.”
  This line conveys the central moral of the poem: a singer’s (or anyone’s) true voice and success come from being authentic and true to oneself, rather than imitating others or following imposed styles.

• Line 3: “That’s why I sing with panache:”
  The speaker (possibly the poet or narrator) explains that they sing with “panache,” meaning flair, confidence, and style, implying that their singing is genuine and full of personality.

• Line 4: ‘”Koo-oh-ah! ko-ash! ko-ash!”‘
  These are onomatopoeic sounds mimicking the frog’s harsh croaking. This line humorously contrasts the nightingale’s beautiful singing with the frog’s unpleasant voice.

• Line 5: “And the foghorn of the frog”
  The frog’s voice is compared to a “foghorn,” a loud, harsh, and unpleasant sound used to warn ships. This metaphor emphasizes how grating and unmusical the frog’s croak is, reinforcing the idea that his style is not something to imitate.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Moral / Theme:
  The stanza clearly states the poem’s moral: authenticity is key to true artistry.

• Onomatopoeia:
  “Koo-oh-ah! ko-ash! ko-ash!” imitates the frog’s croaking sounds.

• Metaphor:
  Comparing the frog’s voice to a “foghorn” highlights its loudness and unpleasantness.

• Contrast:
  Between the nightingale’s authentic song and the frog’s harsh croak.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Panache: Flamboyant confidence or style.

• Foghorn: A loud horn used in foggy weather to warn ships, known for its harsh sound.

Summary of the Stanza:

In this stanza, the speaker sympathizes with the nightingale but emphasizes that she should have known the importance of singing in her own unique voice. The speaker claims to sing with flair and authenticity, contrasting this with the frog’s harsh, unpleasant croak, likened to a foghorn. This stanza delivers the poem’s key message about the value of being true to oneself rather than imitating others.

The Frog And The Nightingale Line by Line Explanation

Stanza: 29

Blared unrivalled through the bog.

Line by Line Detailed Explanation:

• “Blared unrivalled through the bog.”
  This line describes the frog’s voice as loud and harsh, “blaring” through the bog (a marshy, wetland area). The word “blared” suggests a loud, unpleasant, and attention-grabbing sound, much like a siren or horn.

The term “unrivalled” means unmatched or without equal, implying that the frog’s croak is the loudest and most dominant sound in the bog, even if it is unpleasant. This highlights the frog’s boastful nature and his belief in his own superiority, despite the fact that his voice is disliked by other creatures.

The phrase emphasizes the contrast between the frog’s loud, harsh croaking and the nightingale’s beautiful, melodious singing, reinforcing the poem’s theme of authenticity versus affected performance.

Poetic Devices Used:

• Alliteration:
  The repetition of the ‘b’ sound in “blared” and “bog” creates a harsh, booming effect that mimics the frog’s loud croak.

• Imagery:
  “Blaring through the bog” paints a vivid auditory and environmental picture, helping the reader “hear” the frog’s dominating voice in its natural habitat.

• Irony:
  Though the frog’s voice is loud and dominant, it is not admired or beautiful, contrasting with the nightingale’s genuine talent.

Difficult Words Explained:

• Blared: Made a loud, harsh noise.

• Unrivalled: Without equal; unmatched.

• Bog: A wet, marshy area.

Summary of the Line:

This line describes the frog’s loud, harsh croaking as it resounds powerfully and unmatched throughout the bog. It highlights the frog’s dominant but unpleasant voice, contrasting sharply with the nightingale’s beautiful singing and reinforcing the poem’s theme of genuine talent versus showy but grating performance.